Must Reads If You Like Walden

A Brief Note On The Intersection Of Technology And Terrorism

Final Paper Sean Kosma ADMJ 1220 Dec. 5, 2014 Cyberterrorism: the intersection of technology and terrorism The cyber-world around us is an evolving organic entity. The incredible advancements with technology and the interconnectivity between such systems make everyday life for the average American as easy as swiping a finger. From a person’s smartphone used to pass the time by mindlessly playing games to the United States’ federal computer networks filled with incredibly confidential databases and mainframes, the wide range of differing types of technology and networks is utilized for an even larger spectrum of capabilities, depending on who is operating. With a world that is becoming much more dependent on these networks running smoothly and efficiently as possible, these networks are becoming prime targets for individuals or organizations that may have other, more malicious ideas of how to utilize the true capabilities of these networks. Present day has seen its fair share of networks that have been compromised by unauthorized actors, but the real question that arises with this looming theory of â€Å"cyberterrorism† is what the actors’ desired endstate is. When a network is hacked and compromised, how the act is categorized is all dependent on the identity of those guilty, the intended targets, the desired outcome, and the overarching desired outcome the actors wished would come to fruition. All these components have led to the classification of cybercrimes, cyberterrorism,Show MoreRelatedSpeech to Inform8146 Words   |  33 Pagespopulations in Iraque and Afghanistan got involved; no progress was made against terrorism as the evil of the 21st century. Notorious violations of civil and human rights in Iraque ended in many protests, especially in the Muslim world. Terrorism is the plaque of the 21st century. Global mass media terrorize populations with the reports of shocking terrorist attacks. But the roots of terrorism remain untouched. Yet, terrorism may be viewed from the three perspectives. Terrorists defend their civil andRead MoreEvolution of Human Resource Management7638 Words   |  31 PagesGUEST EDITORS’ INTRODUCTION GROWTH AND GLOBALIZATION: EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN ASIA ARTHUR YEUNG, MALCOLM WARNER, AND CHRIS ROWLEY In this introductory note, we offer an overview of how human resource management in Asian countries and corporations is evolving in the face of rapid business growth and integration into the global economy and we describe how the articles in this Special Issue contribute to new knowledge and insights regarding key issues, challenges, and evolutionRead MoreThe Visceral Politics of V for Vendetta: On Politica Affect in Cinema6851 Words   |  28 Pagesâ€Å"compelling, rousing and at times strangely moving† (Kenny, 2006, p. 1). On the other side of the aisle were critics who panned it as shallow, labeling it â€Å"a piece of pulp claptrap† (Hunter, 2006, p. 4) and â€Å"a dunderheaded pop fantasia that celebrates terrorism and destruction† (Denby, 2006, p. 1). The intensely polarized response to the film was hardly surprising given its explicit political themes and inspiration. Indeed, one critic accurately predicted such a response in his own review of the film: Read MoreThe Social Impact of Drug Abuse24406 Words   |  98 Pagesalignment, reduced family and community cohesiveness, increased unemployment and underemployment, economic and social marginalization and increased crime. At a time when dramatic improvements are taking place in some sectors, e.g. communications and technology, improvement of the quality of life for many people has fallen far short of the potential that exists and the rising expectation of people who know life can be better. At a time of rising social and Political tensions, the macroeconomic environmentRead MoreSSD2 Module 4 Notes Essay28478 Words   |  114 Pagesfollowing: Consider the guard-to-detainee ratio based on the threat, the nature of the detainees, the route, the timing, and the external risks. Identify Soldiers for the guard force, train and/or brief them, and rehearse roles and responsibilities. Identify Soldiers for the security force and train and/or brief them on their duties and the rules of engagement (ROE). The Conduct of Reconnaissance: Always conduct a reconnaissance of the route whenever possible. When this is not possible, at a minimumRead MoreSecurity Forces51988 Words   |  208 Pagesconcern. Warning is a communication and acknowledgment of dangers existing in a wide spectrum of activities by potential opponents. This can range from routine defense measures to substantial increases in readiness and force preparedness to acts of terrorism or political, economic, or military provocation. Defeat The term defeat can be defined as rendering a threat to an enemy so that the damage done will not allow for the function as intended nor be restored to a usable condition. It is the ID forcesRead MoreCoffee and Crisis Management Team21317 Words   |  86 Pagesexpansion to the StarbucksStore.com website offers seasonal and promotional whole bean and ground coffees along with the traditional blends, each with descriptively detailed information regarding each coffee, its origin and characteristics, along with notes and su ggestions to match individually preferred taste profiles. 5 The Starbucks Commitments Starbucks is particularly proud of their commitment to maintaining quality, integrity, and great taste of coffee through the course of its growth, and coupledRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 PagesProfessor of Engineering. He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from Virginia Polytechnic Institute, all in engineering. From 1969 to 1984 he was a faculty member of the School of Industrial Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology; from 1984 to 1988 he was at the University of Washington, where he held the John M. Fluke Distinguished Chair of Manufacturing Engineering, was Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and was Director of the Program in Industrial Engineering. Dr.Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesManagement, Second Edition Finch, Interactive Models for Operations and Supply Chain Management, First Edition Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, Information Tec hnology, Seventh Edition Gehrlein, Operations Management Cases, First Edition Harrison and Samson, Technology Management, First Edition Hayen, SAP R/3 Enterprise Software: An Introduction, First Edition Hill, Manufacturing Strategy: Text Cases, Third Edition Hopp, Supply Chain Science, First EditionRead MoreWater as a Source of Future Conflict in Sa26984 Words   |  108 Pagesperspective of the national security calling it ‘the military claim’? Although, the share of environmental resources as a likely cause to conflict has been the rising subject of extensive research, and these links have dominated the post-Cold War note in environmental security, a vast deal of attention is yet to be put to water resources, due to their fundamental significance for human existence. As global claim for water swell up but utilizable freshwater resources reduce, several research have

Threat To Democracy - Free Samples - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: It is not military coups but democratically elected leaders that pose the greatest threat to democracy today. Discuss Answer: Introduction In the 20th century, democracy was touted as the best and the most popular political idea ever conceived. The fundamental desire for rules-based democracy has been a great motivation to many people around the world to stand up against corrupt and autocratic regimes. According to Ottaway (2013), democracies in most parts of the world are relatively more developed compared to non-democracies, more peaceful and less corrupt. This is because in most democratic states, citizens have more rights to freely speak their minds and shape their own futures and that of their childrens. This clearly explain why most people admire democracy and are prepared to risk everything to ensure that only democratic institutions prevail. As Hyslop-Margison and Thayer (2009), the will of the people should form the basis of authority of any regime in a democratic system. Military coups were perceived to be the greatest threat to democracy. However, democracy is currently facing a new form of threat, and is slowly dwindling in most parts of the world. According to Kaltwasser (2012), the rise of elected autocrats who are crushing political freedoms threatens the very principles that defines democracy. Take for instance the former administration of President Viktor Yanukovych who transformed Ukraine into an autocracy with his kleptomaniac leadership style, but was again re-elected in 2010 (Haran, 2011). According to Zhao (2010), setting up a democratic regime is not as easy as toppling an autocrat. Perhaps the rise of communist China that is relatively tyrannical can be attributed to the ailing global democracy. Yet just a few decades ago, democracy had assumed so much control of the world dominating the very precept of governance. Therefore, this essay analytically explores how democratically elected leaders threatens the existence of democracy. Moreover, different case study examples of countries such as Rwanda, Ukraine, Kenya, U.S and Egypt are sparingly provided. Understanding the concept of democracy According to John Stuart Mill, democracy emanates from the society and is a form of governance that is basically centred on the governed (Hamburger, 2001). Mill further argue that nourishing democracy can be challenging due to the existence of self-serving leaders who are mostly elected by the people. Undeniably, producing a sustainable democracy is increasingly becoming an overwhelming task. According to Ottaway (2013), the global advance of democracy is on serious decline with many republics sliding towards autocracy while maintaining a public perception of democracy through holding elections. For example, in Uganda, elections are used to sustain the countrys global appearance of democracy, however, the people and institutions have suppressed rights (Narayan, Narayan and Smyth, 2011). Undoubtedly, the fragility of democracy is becoming more paramount given the dwindling faith in this system of governance. Critics of democracy gives various reasons why it is losing its forward momentum. Key among the reasons is the rise of democratically elected autocrats who do not subscribe to the principles that governs a functioning democratic system (Medvic, 2013). The rise of China and the influence on democratically elected leaders In addition, according to Bell (2016), the rise of China is encouraging democratically elected leaders to implement the Chinese model of governance that stresses on tight control to attain economic progress. Critics of democracy point that the Chinese communist model is more efficient and is slowly breaking the monopoly of democracy. Most democratically elected autocrats borrow heavily from the Chinese system, and argue that democracy is institutionalizing gridlocks and trivializing decision-making. According to Zhao (2010), most democratically elected leaders are taking the Chinese model seriously. They are slowly dismissing the Western values and political systems as disorderly and chaotic. For example, in Rwanda, the regime, though democratically elected, is obsessed with strict public control. The Rwandese government occasionally imprison dissidents and censor internet discussions. However, most Rwandese are very satisfied with the direction their nation is taking as long as it b rings economic and social progress. The research by Ottaway (2013) describes democracy as exaggeratedly complicated and frivolous resulting into second-rate administrations. The research supports the Chinese alternative model of governance that is taking root in many nations in Africa and Asia. In Rwanda, the substance of democracy has been destroyed, but the president Paul Kagame has preserved the show of democracy where everyone is allowed to vote as long as the president wins (Narayan, Narayan and Smyth, 2011). These democratically elected leaders do not want to do away with democracy, but are propagating a debauched similarity to this system of governance. Correspondingly, in Egypt, after the downfall of the Hosni Mubaraks government in 2011, the country elected its first democratically elected president Muhammad Morsi. The country had high hopes of democracy spreading in its institutions. However, the elected president perceived democracy differently leading to his ultimate ouster (Narayan, Narayan and Smyth, 2011). Muhammad Morsi, in liaison with his Muslim Brotherhood party granted himself unlimited powers and was on the verge of creating an Islamic system of governance. Morsi was ultimately ousted out of power by the Egyptian army along with some of his influential Muslim Brotherhood cohorts. Indeed, the fall of Morsi dwindled the potential blossoming of democracy in the Middle East. The coup problem and democratization According to George (2014), military coups are still the most viable threat to democracy given that coup leaders suppress checks and balances on political leaderships and tolerates impunity. The executive authority are not constrained and transition to democracy is always welcome. However, just like military coups, some democratically elected governments are eroding every remaining facet of democracy. For instance, after the election of Mohammad Morsi in n Egypt, numerous individual protection laws were brought down. Moreover, the national courts in Egypt were replaced with extra-judicial mediation panels that were established by president Morsi. As such, the subsequent military coup led by General Al Sisi was seen as a step towards revitalizing the long-desired democratic governance in the country. Critics of democracy point that coups are becoming more desirable compared to the elected autocratic leaderships that are so repressive. These designated autocrats are manipulating the popular sovereignty of the people and failing to honour the very promises and obligations that got them elected into office. The Egyptian situation revealed that coups can sometimes be used to reject tyrants that are elected into government. Therefore, if democracy is to survive in the 21st century, it must be diligently fostered when still young and sustained when fully-fledged. What is ailing successful democratic governance? The world can still get democracy right through its democratically elected leaders. This sentiment is supported by George (2014) who argued that democracy is undeniably a powerful form of governance but can sometimes be flawed. One of the classical advocate of democracy is John Stuart Mill, he argued that establishing a bourgeoning democracy requires patient and goodwill from the democratically elected leaders (Hamburger, 2001). Moreover, according to Mudde and Kaltwasser (2012), too much attention is given to the election of government leaders and too little attention to the very features and doctrines of democracy. This has allowed these democratically elected leaders to deliberately suppress democracy and become more totalitarian. Most of these elected leaders are not subjected to necessary checks and balances allowing them to exercise their powers with utmost impunity. According to George (2014), there is an inherent need to constantly check human obstinacy to ensure that they subscribe to the stipulated order and if possible adjust to the principles that governs democratic control. The people have failed to check the power of the state to ensure that their freedom is guaranteed and democracy protected. As Mudde and Kaltwasser (2012) stipulates, successful democratically elected leaders have managed to avoid applying the concept of majoritarianism. According to this concept, after winning elections in a democratic state, the party that gained majority can do whatever it pleases with the power. In Kenya, for example, the reigning government uses its tyranny of numbers to unilaterally control the nation resulting into a disgruntled minority. As a result, the struggle against corruption in the country has been suppressed and individual human rights not guaranteed (Brown, S. and Raddatz, 2014). The incumbent, President Uhuru Kenyatta, while democratically elected, has constantly tried to erode the stipulated constraints on his powers often citing the tyranny of numbers (majority rules). Similarly, in Ukraine, the then President Viktor Yanukovych who was also democratically elected reduced the powers of the countrys parliament in the name of subscribing to the principle of majority rule (Haran, 2011). Therefore, according to Tomz and Weeks (2013), it is impossible to establish a robust democracy without relevant checks and balances on the powers of the executives. This is likely to prevent these democratically elected leaders from accumulating so much power at the expense of their fellow citizen. So, how can democratically elected leaders get it right? According to Baradaran (2015), most successful elected leaders in democracies have managed to avoid the notion of majoritarianism that stresses that the winner should take it all. Similarly, the amount of favours that democratic governments can offer should also be limited for the survival of a healthier democracy. Limited government influence can seriously curtail the rise of tyrants that are increasingly becoming a danger to democracy. The research by Kaltwasser (2012) support this sentiment and argue that democratically elected leaders must be persuaded to accept the specified restraints on their powers. These leaders can exercise self-restraint by being non-partisan in the development of governance reforms rather than interfering and undermining democracy. A stout constitutional system can also promote the long-term stability and survival of a democracy. Enshrining individuals rights in the constitution can reduce the likelihood of democratically elected leaders violating the same. According to Tomz and Weeks (2013), avoiding democratic whitewash and sustaining the legitimacy of associated systems will help governments to avoid possible political turmoil. Conclusion Indisputably, many democratically elected leaders have made democracy to lose its lustre. The once-popular notion of democracy as a universal aspiration is slowly being dispelled. In countries such as Rwanda, democracy is being used to propagate autocracy and a progressively self-serving leadership (Medvic, 2013). Egypt too is descending into corruption and totalitarianism after the ouster of its first democratically elected president. Certainly, everyone cherishes the ideas of individual rights and independent judicial systems. Yet the very individuals tasked with upholding the democracy tenets are seriously violating them resulting into dysfunctional systems. There is a great possibility that the rise of communist China has had great influence on the deteriorating democracies around the world (Bell, 2016). According to Tomz and Weeks (2013), democracy encourages extremism given that the democratically elected leaders must appeal only to their support bases. For example, in the United States, Donald Trump is trying to remain relevant to his party ideals and supporters, and this has disenfranchised majority of American voters who did not support his election. This has transformed the U.S which was once seen as the paragon of democracy into an equally dysfunctional state. These are some typical examples where democracy has taken serious battering supported by democratically elected leaders. References Baradaran, M. (2015) How the other half banks: Exclusion, exploitation, and the threat to democracy. Harvard University Press. Bell, D.A. (2016) The China model: Political meritocracy and the limits of democracy. Princeton University Press. Brown, S. and Raddatz, R. (2014) Dire consequences or empty threats? Western pressure for peace, justice and democracy in Kenya, Journal of Eastern African Studies,8(1), pp.43-62.-378. George, S. (2014) State of corporations: The rise of illegitimate power and the threat to democracy, Transnational Institute and Occupy. com. State of Power,204. Hamburger, J. (2001) John Stuart Mill on liberty and control. Princeton University Press. Haran, O. (2011) From Viktor to Viktor: democracy and authoritarianism in Ukraine, Demokratizatsiya,19(2), p.93. Hyslop-Margison, E.J. and Thayer, J. (2009) Teaching democracy: Citizenship education as critical pedagogy(Vol. 42). Sense. Kaltwasser, C.R. (2012) The ambivalence of populism: threat and corrective for democracy, Democratization,19(2), pp.184-208. Medvic, S.K. (2013) In defense of politicians: The expectations trap and its threat to democracy. Routledge. Mudde, C. and Kaltwasser, C.R. eds. (2012) Populism in Europe and the Americas: Threat or corrective for democracy?. Cambridge University Press. Narayan, P.K., Narayan, S. and Smyth, R. (2011) Does democracy facilitate economic growth or does economic growth facilitate democracy? An empirical study of Sub-Saharan Africa, Economic Modelling,28(3), pp.900-910. Ottaway, M. (2013) Democracy challenged: The rise of semi-authoritarianism. Carnegie Endowment. Tomz, M.R. and Weeks, J.L. (2013) Public opinion and the democratic peace, American political science review,107(4), pp.849-865. Zhao, S. (2010) The China Model: can it replace the Western model of modernization? Journal of contemporary China,19(65), pp.419-436.

Yoga Essay Example

Yoga Essay Yoga is a unique ancient healing art originating from India more than six thousand years ago. This ancient art of movement is a low intensity non-competitive form of exercise that can be safely practiced by children at any level of physical fitness. Yoga is derived from Sanskrit, one of the worlds most ancient languages. In its simplest form, yoga meansa bringing together of the parts in order to create a union or balance of a persons body, mind and spirit. (Dworkis, www.extensionyoga.com) It was developed by yogis who went into the jungles of India, thousands of years ago to meditate. During meditation these yogis observed animal movements. The development of some of the present day yoga postures actually come from these observations. (Holander, 97, 1) This form of fitness session is a great alternative to do with a group of primary aged students. Firstly the non-competitive and overall harmonious nature of yoga can alleviate any feelings of physical inadequacies that some students may harbour. Therefore, you are more likely to see greater motivation and participation towards the activities as the students who may not be as physically fit or coordinated as other classmates will have the opportunity to try out a new exercise without ridicule or defeat. Secondly this form of fitness session is a fantastic one to do with students who are within their peak height velocity or students experiencing the effects of puberty. This scientific system of exercises or poses are designed to strengthen bones, stretch muscles, massage internal organs, increase blood flow and increase flexibility of the tendons, joints and ligaments. (Holander, 97, 1) This is particularly important when concerning primary aged students around or during their pubertal growth spurt. Considering girls peak height velocity is around 10-12 and 12-14 in boys. Physical activity that does not contain the same characteristics as yoga can aid the cau

Title Militant Monks Essay Example For Students

Title: Militant Monks Essay The Knights Templar, a military order of monks answerable only to the Popehimself, were founded in 1118. Their primary responsibility, at leastinitially, was to provide protection to Christians making pilgrimages to theHoly Land. They rose in power, both religious and secular, to become one ofthe richest and most powerful entities in Christendom. By the time of theirdisbandment in 1307, this highly secretive organization controlled vastwealth, a fleet of merchant ships, and castles and estates spanning theentire Mediterranean area. When the crusaders captured Jerusalem from the Muslims in 1099, the Churchencouraged all faithful Christians to visit that holy city in order toaffirm their faith. The area, however, was still subject to sporadic attacksfrom various non-Christian factions. A small group of knights, led by Hughde Payens, vowed to protect the pilgrims. The group was grantedquasi-official status by King Baldwin II of Jerusalem, who allowed themquarters in a wing of the royal palace near the Temple of Solomon. It isfrom this initial posting that the order derived its name. They took thestandard vows of poverty, chastity and obedience and were bound to the rulesof the Augustinian order. Upton-Ward 1The order languished in near-anonimity for several years, despite generouscontributions from various European personages. In 1126, Count Hugh ofChampagne, having donated his estates to Bernard of Clairvaux for use inbuilding a monestary for the Cistercian order, arrived in Jerusalem to jointhe Templars. This ac tion indirectly obligated Bernard to support the newlychosen advocacy of his benefactor. He wrote to the count, If, for Godswork, you have changed yourself from count to knight and from rich to poor,I congratulate you. Howarth 49In the year 1126, King Baldwin found two reasons for wanting officialrecognition of the order. First, he had, perhaps prematurely, bestowed uponHugh de Payens the title of Master of the Temple. Second, the king had theopportunity to launch an attack on the city of Damascus, but he needed moreknights. Papal recognition would allow open recruiting in Europe for theorder. King Baldwin sent a letter to Bernard of Clairvaux, the ordersprimary patron, later known as Saint Bernard, asking him to petition thePope for official recognition of the order. Howarth 50-51The Kingsletter was hand-carried to Bernard by two loyal and trusted knights, Andrewde Montbard, maternally related to Bernard, and Gondemare. Upon theirarrival at Clairvaux, the two knights presented Bern ard with Baldwinsletter, which came right to the point. Upton-Ward 3 The brothers Templar,whom God has raised up for the defence of our province and to whom he hasaccorded special protection, desire to receive apostolic approval and alsotheir own Rule of life Since we know well the weight of yourintercession with God and also with His Vicar and with the other princes ofEurope, we give into your care this two-fold mission, whose success will bevery welcome to us. Let the constitution of the Templars be such as issuitable for men who live in the clash and tumult of war, and yet of a kindwhich will be acceptable to the Christian princes, of whom they have beenthe valuable auxiliaries. So far as in you lies and if God pleases, striveto bring this matter to a speedy and successful issue. qtd. in Howarth 50-51Bernard realized at once the genius of the proposal to combine religiousand military endeavors. Through such organizations, the borders ofChristendom could be extended and fortified . He immediately granted hisapproval of the plan and pledged his full support. He petitioned PopeHonorius II for a special council to consider the matter, and he notifiedHugh of his actions. Howarth 51The Council of Troyes convened on January 13, 1128, a bitterly cold SaintHilarys Day, for the primary purpose of considering the request of theKnights Templar. Despite the delays of written communications, Hugh dePayens, accompanied by several brother knights, arrived from the Holy Landin time to attend the meetings of the Council. Howarth 51William of Tyre wrote an account of the events: Nine years after thefounding of this order, the knights were still in secular garb. They woresuch garments as the people, for salvation of their souls, bestowed uponthem. During this ninth year, a council was held at Troyes in France. Therewere present the archbishops of Rheims and Sens, with their suffragans; thebishop of Albano, the Popes legate; the abbotts of Citeaux, Clairvaux,Potigny; and many o thers. At this council, by order of Pope Honorious and ofStephen, patriarch of Jerusalem, a rule was drawn up for this order and ahabit of white assigned them. qtd. in Burman/Templars 27Although referred to in Williams account by the generic title Abbott ofClairvaux, Bernard, in actuality controlled the proceedings of the council. We will write a custom essay on Title: Militant Monks specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There was little doubt Bernards request would be met with approval; he waswell known for his successes in reforming monastic life. He was held in theutmost respect by religious and lay leaders alike; in many circles he wasreferred to as the second pope. In fact, many of the popes were supplied bythe mendicant orders. Robinson 66-67At a time when monks were more highly regarded than priests, and consideredcloser to God because of their ascetic life-styles, Benard said, The peoplecannot look up to the priests, because the people are better than priests.Robinson 67Bernards offer to personally assist in the formulation of the Rules of theorder was gratefully accepted by all. Bernard based his Rule of the Templarson that of his own Cistercian order, which was itself based on the olderBenedictine Rule. Robinson 67The Rule of the Templars was a strict and complex system of 686 writtenlaws, meant to cover every possible aspect of daily life. As an example,Rule 25, On Bowls and Drinking Vesse ls, states: Because of the shortage ofbowls, the brothers will eat in pairs, so that one may study the other moreclosely, and so that neither austerity nor secret abstinence is introducedinto the communal meal. And it seems just to us that each brother shouldhave the same ration of wine in his cup. qtd. in Upton-Ward 26In 1139, Pope Innocent II issued a Bull, titled Omne Datum Optimum,declaring that the Knights Templar were under the direct and sole control ofthe Pope. This freed the Knights to operate throughout Christendom and theLevant unencumbered by local ecclesiastical and secular rulers. Thisunprecedented autonomy was due, in no small part, to the personal petitionsof the new Grand Master, Robert the Burgundian. While Hugh had been anexcellent warrior, Robert was an ideal administrator who understoodpolitics. Howarth 80The Order was authorized to have chaplain brothers, who were authorized tohear the confessions of their fellow brothers, and thereby absolve them oftheir sins. There were, however, five specific crimes for which granting ofabsolution was reserved by the Pope. These were: the killing of a Christianman or woman,; violently attacking another brother; attacking a member ofanother order or a priest; renouncing holy orders in order to be received asa brother; and entering the order by simony. Upton-Ward 5It was also during the mastership of Robert that the Rules were translatedfrom Latin into French. Church documents were normally in Latin only, butsince most of the Knights were soldiers rather than educated clerics, theywere unable to read Latin. In 1147, the Knights were authorized to wear ared cross upon their white mantles, despite rule 18, which forbade anydecorations on their clothing. Upton-Ward 12As the Knights Templar gained political and economic strength, they foundthemselves involved in many aspects of secular life. They established thefirst truly international banking service; travelers not wanting to travelwith large sums could de posit their monies at any Temple and collect a likeamount at their destination. Burman/Templars 85 The Templars were theprimary bankers for the Holy See. Since the order was a papal creation whichwas administered directly by the Pope himself, their significance as papalbankers is understandable. Less obvious is the Templars function as royalbankers for several of Europes royal houses. The two greatest Templesoutside the Levant were located in Paris and London. These two Templesoffered a full range of financial services to the royal houses, includingcollecting taxes, controlling debts and administering pension funds. .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b , .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .postImageUrl , .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b , .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:hover , .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:visited , .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:active { border:0!important; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:active , .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf9ca45f05be83a5146b850dde827fa4b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Most people know that good nutrition is important EssayBurman/Templars 87-88 The treasury of the King of France was kept safelywithin the vault of the Temple of Paris. Sinclair 36The Templars owned a great fleet of merchant ships with which to convey allmanner of goods, e.g., pepper and cotton, as well as pilgrims, betweenEurope and the Holy Land. People wanting to make a pilgrimage to the HolyLand, but lacking the resources to do so, were allowed to assign rights totheir houses and property, upon their death, to the Templars in exchange forpassage on a Templar ship. To avoid accusations of usury, this procedure waslegitimized by the papal bull Quantum Praedecessores, issu ed by PopeEugenius II in 1145. Burman/Templars 75-78The Holy Land was divided into four Crusader States: Jerusalem, Antioch,Tripoli and Edessa. Shifting alliances, complicated by the plotting ofindependent Arab emirates, posed a complicated and often confusing backdropfor the Knights military operations. Their first action was in the northernsector of the Principality of Antioch. They captured the March of Amanus,which formed a natural barrier between the city of Amanus and Asia Minor. Burman/Templars 50The Knights Templar frequently fought side-by-side with their counter-parts, the Knights Hospitaller, another military order, founded to provideshelter to sick, wounded or destitute pilgrims. Together, these two warriororders afforded the Holy Land a formidable fighting force. Although somehistories allude to a deep and bitter rivalry between the two, it is morelikely that they cooperated well during the battles, keeping any suchpettiness for the monotonous weeks between actions. Upton-Ward 6-7The first military action of the Templars was in the northern sector of theHoly Land. In 1131, they captured the March of Amanus in Antioch. It was anatural barrier between the city and Asia Minor, which afforded control oftwo roads into Antioch. The same year, King Fulk, Baldwins successor,travelled to the site and granted ownership to the Templars. Burman/Templars 52Control of the various areas of the Holy Land see-sawed back and forthbetween the Crusaders and the Arabs, with neither side enjoying a decisivevictory. Then the balance of power began to change with the rise of thegreat Arab leader Salah-ad-Din Yusuf ibn-Aiyub, known to westerners asSaladin. Descended from a long line of military heroes, he was born in 1138in Baalbek, Syria, where his father was military governor. He began todevelop his warrior skills by accompanying his father and uncles on variouscampaigns. Burman/Templars 98Saladins rise to power was rapid and successful. His adherance to theorthodox Sunni faith caused him to initiate dramatic changes in his Shi-itearmy. Upon his ultimate rise to the position of Sultan, he declared ajihad, or holy war, against the Crusaders. This intense re-focusing of theMoslem effort began a gradual shift in power. Christian strongholds fell inincreasing numbers, creating a domino effect. By the middle of 1187, Saladinhad capt ured Acre, Nablus, Jaffa, Toron, Sidon, Beirut and Ascalon. Jerusalem fell on 2 October, 1187. Burman/Templars 108The fall of Jerusalem was a disaster from which the Crusades neverrecovered. Among Saladins prisoners were the King of Jerusalem and Raynaldde Chatillon, commander of the fortress at Moab. After entertaining the twoin his tent, Saladin had Raynald killed. The King saw his fellow prisonerexecuted and thought he was surely next, but Saladin had him brought back into his tent and told him, It is not the habit of kings to kill kings.Saladins victory was complete. Payne 223-4In the disarray that followed, the orders began to disperse. TheHospitallers removed their headquarters, first to Rhodes and then to Malta;and, with the ultimate fall of Acre in 1291, the Templars lost their base ofoperations and relocated to Cyprus. In effect, the orders had lost theiroriginal reason for existence. Upton-Ward 9As the Knights had their policital patrons, so had their enemies. In 1305,Philip IV of France, known as Philip the Fair, seized control of the HolySee and relocated the papacy to Avignon. From there, he initiated a seriesof papal decrees, ostensibly issues by Pope Clement V, a puppet pope underhis absolute control. Eyeing the vast fortunes and resources of theTemplars, he conceived a plot of treachery against them. Since he alsocontrolled the Inquisition in France, he had no difficulty leveling a wholelaundry list of horrible, but adsurd and largely unsupportable, crimesagainst the Knights. Burman/Inquisition 95The role of the Inquisition, under the auspices of Chief InquisitorGuillaume of Paris, was to obtain confessions and conduct trials. On Fridaythe 13th of September, 1307, the warrant was issued for the arrest of theKnights and seizure of their property. Many of the Temples were tipped offby the local sheriffs about the impending sweep, but Grand Master Jacques deMolay and his associates were arrested in their bed clothes. Theinterrogations, aimed at soliciting evidence of any wrongdoing with which toprove the al legations against the order, dragged on for years. Ultimately,the Grand Master, along with other high-ranking Templars, were executed byburning in March, 1314, on an island in the Seine. Howarth 17The years between the arrest of Templars and the orders final dissolutionafforded plenty of time for knights on the lam to become absorbed by theunderground. Knights in England were never pursued, due largely to a riftbetween the King and the Church, and many were thought to have participatedin the war between Scotland and England, on the side of Robert the Bruce. .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 , .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .postImageUrl , .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 , .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:hover , .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:visited , .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:active { border:0!important; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:active , .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5 .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1df59c78847f75c9e38f692a8b5c0da5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hemp: The Truth About the Earth's Greatest Plant EssayRobinson 150-51The vast fleet of Templar merchant ships was never found. There is norecord of the 18 Templar ships which had been based at La Rochelle on theFrench coast, nor any of the various Templar ships normally anchored in theThames or other English seaports. There is some speculation that the BarbaryPirates, who gained worldwide noteriety by plundering European shipping wellinto the 19th century, were founded by seagoing Templars with revenge ontheir minds. Many of the orders ships were galleys, which were particularlysuited for piracy. Robinson 165One of the more mysterious tenets of the Freemasons can be found in theinitiation of a Master Mason. The initiate is told his degree will make youa brother to pirates and corsairs. Robinson 165-66In 1813, a merchant ship, captained by a Freemason, was captured andboarded by pirates. In desperation, the captain rendered the Grand HailingSign of Distress of a Master Mason. The pirate captain apparently recognizedthe secret sign and allowed the merchant ship to proceed unharmed. Robinson166The destruction of the Knights Templar by Philip the Fair was due to whathe saw as wealth, arrogance, greed and secrecy on the part of the order. Even Philips lawyer admitted perhaps not all of them had sinned. It tookmore than suspicion of guilt to bring about the downfall of such a powerfulentity as the Knights Templar. The final blow, however, was probablythree-fold: a general unpopularity of the order among the Europeanaristocracy, due in part to jealousy; a chronic shortage in the Frenchtreasury, despite heavy taxation; and Master de Molays refusal to considera merger of the Templars with the Hospitallers, as suggested by the Pope. The fact remains, however, that no evidence of heresy was ever found. Burman/Templars 180An order founded by nine knights in Jerusalem came to amass great wealthand power, which speaks well of their integrity and discretion. They becamethe shock troops of the Holy See. When they lost their original mission ofprotecting pilgrims upon the fall of Jerusalem, their downfall becameinevitable. Sinclair 37Works Cited:Burman, Edward. The Inquisition. New York: Dorset, 1984. . The Templars. Rochester, VT: Destiny, 1986. Howarth, Stephen. The Knights Templar. New York: Dorset, 1982. Payne, Robert. The History of Islam. New York: Dorset, 1987. Robinson, John J. Born in Blood. New York: Evans, 1989. Sinclair, Andrew. The Sword and the Grail. New York: Crown, 1992. Upton-Ward, J. M. The Rule of the Templars. Suffolk: Boydell, 1992.

Anti LGBT law Essays

Anti LGBT law Essays Anti LGBT law Essay Anti LGBT law Essay LGBT youth as well as young adults are predisposed to more health concerns than heterosexual youth and young adults. A study by Ayalon and Alvidrez (2007, p.1326) revealed that there are many cases of HIV diagnoses among gays below 25 years of age who come from racial and ethnic minority communities. This study concluded that risk factors for mental health challenges and involvement in drug and substance abuse are more evident among LGBT youth than their heterosexual counterparts. The National Institute of Health (NIH) (2013, p.5) posits that these risk factors include victimization, violence, harassment, and homelessness that make the youth and young adults in LGBT communities vulnerable. North CarolinaAnti LGBT Law In March 2016, the Governor of North Carolina, Pat McCrory, signed a law that requires citizens to use multi-stall bathrooms based on their birth certificates at various institutions such as schools, universities, and state agencies. This law is against the interests of the LGBT population because it compels transgender people to use rooms designated for women (Kopan Scott, 2016, p.1). According to the law, sexual orientation as well as gender identity can neither be used as the premise for the protection of people by local measures nor compel businesses to offer high minimum wages or paid sick leave. The law prohibits workers to file suit in the state courts against discrimination on the grounds of religion, color, age, handicap, race, national origin, and sex. Instead, it requires people to file their complaints to the State Commission. Elsewhere, in Harris County, Texas, a new inmate policy came to effect in 2013. The policy seeks to protect and guarantee LGBT inmates equal treat ment (Weaver, 2013). For example, the policy allows transgender people to choose their preferred gender and not biological sex as the basis for their provision of housing. References Ayalon, L., Alvidrez, J. (2007). The experience of black consumers in the mental health systemidentifying barriers to and facilitators of mental health treatment using the consumers perspective, Issues in mental health nursing, 28(12), 1323-1340 NIH (2013). Consideration of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) ;;report on the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, Retrieved from https://report.nih.gov/UploadDocs/LGBT%20Health%20Report_FINAL_2013-01-03-508%20compliant.pdf Weaver, L. (2013). Harris County announces Trans-inclusive Housing Policy in Its Jails. Human Rights Campaign. Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Loera, G., Mendez, L., Sala, M., ; Nakamoto, J. (2012). Community-defined solutions for Latino mental health care disparities: California reducing disparities project, Latino Strategic Planning Workgroup Population Report. Sacramento, CA: UC Davis. Alegr;a, M., Chatterji, P., Wells, K., Cao, Z., Chen, C. N., Takeuchi, D., ; Meng, X. L. (2015). Disparity in depression treatment among racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States. Psychiatric services. American Psychological Association, Office of Ethnic Minority Affairs. (2008). A portrait of success and challenge-Progress report:1997-2005, Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from apa.org/pi/oema/programs/recruitment/draft-report-2007 aspx. Ayalon, L., ; Alvidrez, J. (2007). THE EXPERIENCE OF BLACK CONSUMERS IN THE MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEM;IDENTIFYING BARRIERS TO AND FACILITATORS OF MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT USING THE CONSUMERSPERSPECTIVE. Issues in mental health nursing, 28(12), 1323-1340. Bahrampour, T. (2013). Therapist say African Americans are increasingly seeking help for mental illness. The Washington Post. Bridges, A. J., Andrews III, A. R., Villalobos, B. T., Pastrana, F. A., Cavell, T. A., Gomez, D. (2014). Does integrated behavioral health care reduce mental health disparities for Latinos? Initial findings. Journal of Latina/o psychology, 2(1), 37. Burns J. (2013). Mental health and inequity: A human rights approach to inequity, discrimination, and mental disability. Health and Human Rights Journal.11(2). Cook, J., Leff, H., Blyler, C., Gold, P., Goldberg, R., Mueser, K., et al. (2005). Results of a multisite randomized trial of supported employment interventions for individuals with severe mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(5), 505512. Davey G. (2013). Mental Health and Stigma. Psychology Today. Davis, K. (2012). Statistical Brief #358: Expenditures for Treatment of Mental Health Disorders among Young Adults, Ages 18-26, 2007-2009: Estimates for the U.S.Civilian Non-institutionalized Population. Rockville, MD: Medical Expenditures Panel Survey, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Folsom, D., Hawthorne, W., Lindamer, L., et. al. (2005). Prevalence and risk factors for homelessness and utilization of mental health services among 10,340 patients with serious mental illness in a large public mental health system. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 370-376. Frank R., Beronio, K., Glied, S. (2014). Behavioral Health Parity and the Affordable Care Act. Journal of Social Work in Disability and Rehabilitation. 2014; 13(1-2):31-43. Fund S.(2015) Challenging Views of Mental Health in Minority Communities. Diverse Harding, C., Brooks, G., Ashikaga, T., Strauss, J.S., Breier, A. (1987). The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144 (6), 727735. Hoblan R., (2015). NCGA Senate Health and Human Services Budget: First Look. North Carolina Health News. Holden K., McGregor B., Thandi P., Fresh E., Sheats K., Belton A., Mattox G., Satcher D. (2014). Toward Culturally Centered Integrative Care for Addressing Mental Health Disparities Among Ethnic Minorities. Psychological Services.11(4):357-368. Jordan D. (2015) Going Mental: Minorities and Mental Health in Criminal Justice System. Decoded Science. Kessler, R., Heeringa, S., Lakoma, M., Petukhova, M., Rupp, A., Schoenbaum, M., et al. (2008). The individual-level and societal-level effects of mental disorders on earnings in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(6), 703-11. Kessler, R., McGonagle, K., Zhao, S., Nelson, C., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., et al. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51(1), 8-19. Kramer E., Francis G., (2009). I am not crazy. p 9. Lutterman T., Fiscal Year (2010). Revenues and Expenditure Study Results. SMHA Revenues and Expenditures Data Collection 2012, pdf. Macmadu A., Rich J. (2015). Correctional Health is Community Health. Issues in Science and Technology.32(1). Massetti G., (2016). Preventing Violence Among High-Risk Youth and Communities with Economic, Policy and Structural Strategies. Center for Disease Control and Prevention Report/Supplements. 65(1):57-60. McLaughlin, K. A., (2010). Hatzenbuehler ML, Keyes KM. Responses to discrimination and psychiatric disorders among black, Hispanic, female, and lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Am J Public Health. 100(8):1477-84. Mental and Behavioral Health. (2015). Options and opportunities for Minnesota. Minnesota Hospital Association. Minnesota Telemedicine Act (SF 981/HF 1246. (2015). Minnesota Hospital Association. National Institutes of Health. (2013). Consideration of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. Retrieved from https://report.nih.gov/UploadDocs/LGBT%20Health%20Report_FINAL_2013-01-03-508%20compliant.pdf Rowings, K. (2015). Addressing mental Illness and Medical Conditions in County Jails: King County, WA. National Association of Counties . Ryan, C., Neil, K. (2015). The Integration for Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Other Behavioral Health Conditions into Primary Care: Executive Summary of an American College of Physicians Position Paper. Annals of Internal Medicine.163(4):298-299. Sarteschi, C. M. (2013). Mentally ill offenders involved with the US criminal justice system. Sage open, 3(3), 2158244013497029. Poulin, S. R., Maguire, M., Metraux, S., Culhane, D. P. (2010). Service use and costs for persons experiencing chronic homelessness in Philadelphia: a population-based study. Psychiatric Services, 61(11), 1093-1098. Simon, C. (2015). There is a stunning gap between the number of black and white inmates in Americas prison. Business insider . State Legislation Report. (2015). National Alliance on Mental Illness. Swanson, J., Swartz, M., Gilbert, A., Frisman, L., Lin, H. J., Rodis, E., Domino, M. (2011). Costs of criminal justice involvement among persons with severe mental illness in Connecticut. Final Report Submitted to Eli Lilly Co. Swanson, J. W., McGinty, E. E., Fazel, S., Mays, V. M. (2015). Mental illness and reduction of gun violence and suicide: bringing epidemiologic research to policy. Annals of epidemiology, 25(5), 366-376. Thompson, J. (2016). Mental Health Month Provides Opportunity to Break Down Mental Health Stigma for Latino Community. CalMHSA. Underwood, L. A., Washington, A. (2016). Mental illness and juvenile offenders. International journal of environmental research and public health, 13(2), 228. Weaver, L. (2013). Harris County announces Trans-inclusive Housing Policy in Its Jails. Human Rights Campaign . Joel E. Miller, et al., Nov. 2012. The Waterfall Effect: Transforming the Cascading Impact of Medicaid Expansion on States, National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors. White House. (Jan. 16, 2013). Now is the Time; the presidents plan to protect our children and our communities by reducing gun violence. White House. Grissom, B (May 18, 2013) With Consensus and Money, State Takes on Mental Health Care. Buchanan, W. (June, 27 2013) Governor Brown Proudly Signs Balanced Budget. 34. Gray, CD (Jul. 3, 2013) House Passes. Kopan, T., Scott, E. (2016, March 24). North Carolina governor signs controversial transgender bill. CNN. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/23/politics/north-carolina-gender-bathrooms-bill/

Research paper about famous photographer Ansel Adams

About famous photographer Ansel Adams - Research Paper Example He started school in 1908 but he was a poor student. He started to hate going to school. In 1915, his father took him out from school and had him home-schooled. During that time, Charles bought his son a pass to the Panama Pacific International Exposition. This Exposition had exhibits on science, arts, machinery and photography. That was the first time young Ansel encountered photography as a form of art. There were three prints exhibited by the great photographer Edward Weston – whom he would collaborate much later in a group project and will become a great friend. His unconventional education opened the doors for young Ansel: He became interested in piano and began to teach himself how to play. He was a serious student of music, and recognizing this, his father hired a piano tutor for Ansel. Her name was Marie Butler and she tutored Ansel for three years. At this point, Ansel was seriously considering becoming a concert pianist. In 1916, Ansel’s family took a trip to Yosemite and on this trip, his father gave him a camera. This trip made him interested in photography as a result. â€Å"With his camera, a Kodak Box Brownie, Ansel’s life as a photographer began – an interest which was to endure for the rest of his life. With his first attempts at committing the magic of Yosemite to film, he demonstrated the beginnings of an immense talent which was to make him a world-class photographer† (1). Ansel was then persuaded to attend school again and he did. He went to Mrs. Kate Wilkins’ private school. He graduated from eighth grade in 1917 at Mrs. Wilkins’ school. His graduation marked the end of his academic career. He continued to pursue piano and music, as well as his new passion – photography – after graduation. Like the way he taught himself piano, he began teaching himself the basic principles of photography. Then he got a job working part-time for a photo finisher in San Francisco, Fred Dittman. T his is where Ansel had his first darkroom experience. Will Dassonville, a neighbor, was a technician and manufacturer of photographic papers. â€Å"It was Will Dassonville who was Ansel’s true inspiration and who brought his attention the true extent to which photography could be developed into an art form.† (2) This picture is called The Tetons – Snake River. This iconic picture is taken at the Yosemite Park and is probably one of the most famous photographs that inspired environmentalism in America. Many photographers agree that Ansel Adams made a huge impact in photography that you can actually denote the history of photography into before Ansel Adams and after Ansel Adams. It has been said that before Ansel Adams, photography is not taken seriously, and was not considered an art form. The photographers then used extreme manipulations on their photographs to make them resemble paintings. However, Ansel came to the scene declaring â€Å"photography is poetry of the real† and eschewed manipulations. He practiced the value of â€Å"pure photography† using only light, shutter speed and other simple manipulations of the camera. Ansel clung to the large format camera even if the point and shoot ones were readily available. Because of his beautiful pictures of nature, Ansel changed how photography was seen (it is now art) and has influenced America about how to take care of their environment. Because of him, King’